The Opera Park

丹麥建築工作室 Cobe 日前完成了位於哥本哈根內港的「歌劇院公園」。公園毗鄰丹麥皇家歌劇院，與密集開發的內港形成了強烈的對比。這座公園相當於三個足球場的面積，匯集了來自世界各地六種不同類型的花草灌木所組成的花園，當中包含北美森林、丹麥橡樹林、北歐森林、東方園林、英格蘭花園以及溫室和中庭內的亞熱帶花園，這些多樣性的花園裡有著令人驚喜的元素，如噴泉、睡蓮池、鏡面池塘和水滴從高聳的桅杆上輕柔地落入水面產生和諧舒緩的水聲節奏，而蜿蜒小徑和花叢生動趣味的形狀，將公園各類元素編織在一起。

Danish architecture studio Cobe announces the completion of The Opera Park in Copenhagen. Located next to The Royal Danish Opera, the site had been a modest green lawn since the completion of the Opera nearly 20 years ago. The park, with the size of three soccer fields, consists of six gardens from various parts of the world: the North American Forest, the Danish Oak Forest, the Nordic Forest, the Oriental Garden, the English Garden, and the Subtropical Garden housed within a greenhouse and atrium at its center. The diverse gardens hold surprises such as a fountain, a water lily pond, and a reflecting pool where drops of water from a mast gently strike the water’s surface in a soothing rhythm. Meandering paths and organically shaped flowerbeds knit together the park’s elements.

公園的設計成為全年開放的公共景點，總計有223種異國和本地的獨特物種，為訪客佈置一個充滿生機且不斷變化的舞台背景。這些大小繁多的植物種為鳥類創造了棲息之地，同時也提供昆蟲類豐富的覓食環境。除了花園之外，公園還有一座位於中央的溫室，內部設有咖啡廳，其中也包含能夠通往地下室停車場的入口。其設計配置弧形玻璃的結構及懸浮般的屋頂，具有生動有趣的外觀，旨在為穿梭於綠意盎然景緻中的訪客帶來驚喜和愉悅，即使多數的公園在冬季時顯得凋零荒涼，這個花園裡的溫室和咖啡廳則為此處注入了生命與活力。而溫室的內部向下延伸至地下停車層，可容納多達300輛汽車，其生態區也垂直向下延伸，將公園與地下層相互串連。

Designed to be an inviting, all year-round public attraction, the park features 223 unique exotic and local species provide a vibrant and ever-changing backdrop for visitors. The vegetation’s appearance, scent, color, and density vary with the seasons. Spring blooms in a rich color palette, summer brings various shades of green, autumn showcases red and yellow tones, and winter is dominated by evergreen pine trees and frozen ponds. The wide variety of plant species and diversity of sizes provides a rich environment for birds and insects to find food and shelter. In addition to the gardens, the park features a central greenhouse with a café, giving access to car parking underneath the park’s surface. The greenhouse is designed as an organically shaped glass structure with a hovering roof, intended to surprise and delight visitors as they navigate the lush landscape. The greenhouse and café will ensure that The Opera Park remains a vibrant destination year-round, even during winter when many of Copenhagen’s parks are desolate. Inside, the greenhouse terraces down to the parking levels, which accommodate up to 300 cars, while its subtropic biotope also descends to vertically weave together the park with the underground levels. 

公園設有一條通往鄰近的丹麥皇家歌劇院的獨立廊道，建於一座被綠化的橋上，提供從停車場行走至歌劇院公園之間一個能夠遮風避雨的連接過道。這條蜿蜒廊道的路徑設計與溫室弧形建築外觀、周圍環境規劃相互呼應，成為通往這座懸浮島嶼的三座橋梁之一，將穿越港口運河的自然景觀與建築完美地融為一體。

The park also features a covered connection to the adjacent Royal Danish Opera via a covered walkway atop a landscaped bridge, allowing a weather protected link between the parking facility and the Opera. Echoing the architecture of the greenhouse, the walkway’s curved glass and floating roof evokes the landscape design in its meandering path. As one of three bridges to the island, the connection is designed as a piece of nature crossing the harbor canal, fully integrating landscape and architecture into one.

雨水被視為公園的珍貴資源，歌劇院屋頂的雨水被集中引至地下水庫，用於溫室灌溉，在步道路徑中有透水的碎石表面，而多餘的雨水透過這些表面滲透和蒸發。被綠化的橋梁和布滿綠意的溫室屋頂則延緩雨水導入現場，同時也為公園的生物群提供了食物來源。安排在歌劇院屋頂的太陽能板，同時成為地下停車設施、公園和溫室的供電來源。而建造公園的選材，大量採用堅固可回收的樹木和植被，因此能夠防禦來自港口和海洋的強風並減少湍流，也提升每位到訪者的舒適感。此外，因著基地高地的地形，使其在面臨大雨和港口水位上升時得以保護島嶼免受洪水侵襲。

Rainwater is considered a valuable resource for the park, channeled from the roof of the Royal Danish Opera into underground water reservoirs used for greenhouse irrigation. Pathways are designed with a permeable gravel surface, and excess rainwater is collected in rain beds for infiltration and evaporation. The green roofs of the landscaped bridge and greenhouse capture and delay the release of rainwater to the site while also serving as a food source for the park’s fauna. Solar panels on the Opera’s roof provide power to the underground parking facility, the park and the greenhouse. The park’s chosen materials are robust and fully recyclable, while the abundance of trees and plantings shield against strong winds coming from the harbor and the sea, reducing turbulence and increasing the level of comfort for park users. Furthermore, the elevated terrain safeguards the island from flooding during heavy rainfall and significant rises in the harbor water level.

Design Studio | Cobe  @cobearchitects

Photography | Francisco Tirado @francisco_tirado