Blasón

Blasón is part of a project series called "Elements for industrial recovery" a strategic toolset to protect the city’s industrial heritage. Industrial activity in the center of the city of Madrid has gradually decreased in the last 30 years to end up in the current situation: a foreseeable disappearance. The explosive rise in property value, noise- or environmental protection measures and traffic density, among other reasons, have led to a diaspora of industrial activity from the city center to the outskirts. Accordingly, industrial buildings in the urban fabric are under risk of extinction. Current urban planning regulations encourage property owners to change the land use from industrial to residential, which requires a reduction in the usable area, leading to the demolition of part of their properties: the warehouses. Our proposals aim to become a strategic toolset to protect the industrial heritage of the city through land-use and occupation alternatives that allow to extend this typology’s life and avoid its demolition.

Blasón is organized along a large wall: a central spine that separates the more public areas from the more private ones. It is also a large servant element, which contains all the facilities of the building and supports other objects and functions required to live in this space. As different elements adhere to the wall, they cause ledges, gaps, abutments, and buttresses. All these projections adapt to the functions that each space requires, becoming for example a support structure for the kitchen or a platform on which two sections of a metal staircase lean to give access to a study. The openings that appear along the wall lead to the bedrooms and bathrooms, separated from the more public areas used as a garage, gym, kitchen, dining room or living room. The wall is built out of white concrete bricks, which are only superficially clad to support specific features such as the kitchen, with stainless steel, or the bedrooms and bathrooms, with ceramic tiles.

On the contrary, the project for the roof preserves the original structure, which is extremely slender, complementing the metal framework with additional steel bars to strengthen the whole and thereby avoid increasing the thickness of the elements. Originally this building had two interior courtyards that, as a result of the various reforms and modifications that this structure has undergone over the years, were built to extend the interior areas. The current project restores these courtyards to ensure cross ventilation and the possibility of opening up the spaces towards the interior of the block instead of having to do so to the street. This caused the appearance of the exterior facade to the courtyard, which picks up the rhythm of the original pilasters of the boundary walls to configure the rythm of the facade. All the exterior walls are materially unified with a rough mortar, called Tyrolean plaster. Despite the interior divisions that the intervention generates, Blasón is a single air volume that connects all the spaces at different heights. Blasón is the home and studio of the writer Juan Ramón Silva Ferrada.

「布雷松」（Blasón）是作家胡安・拉蒙・席爾瓦・費拉達（Juan Ramón Silva Ferrada）的住宅與工作室，也是Burr事務所「工業復興元素」計畫中的其中一件空間設計作品。在過去三十年裡，西班牙馬德里市中心因為當地房價飆升、噪音與環境保護法規限制，與交通繁忙等因素，使許多工業廠房逐漸從市中心遷移至郊區，導致都市裡的工業建築正在面臨絕跡的風險，政府為了在都會紋理中保留此一產業文化（帶有工業歷史軌跡的建築），頒布了都市規劃法例，以鼓勵地主將土地從工業用途變成住宅用地，但前提是必須拆除部分建築，減少可使用面積，尤其是倉庫。對此，Burr事務所的設計團隊為盼能保護馬德里的城市工業遺產，提出「工業復興元素」計畫，這套策略透過土地利用與居住用途變換，解決了倉庫建築可能遭到拆除、消逝的危機。

本案「布雷松」住宅的中央，有座巨大牆面朝左右橫亙，從建築結構而言有如人體的「脊骨」，居中將室內空間分為公共和私人領域兩側，同時蘊藏著供應生活的各種機能。此座牆面保留著原始的壁架、開口、拱座與扶壁，並依照各空間機能需求，調整為廚房的輔助結構、書房樓梯兩端之間的平台，而牆上開口連結臥室與浴室，同時區隔前往車庫、健身房、廚房、餐廳或客廳等公共空間的動線。原始牆面是以白色混凝土磚砌造，在特定空間如廚房以不鏽鋼輔助結構、浴室使用磁磚鋪面稍加修飾之外，其餘立面皆保留著其質樸粗糙的紋理，沈澱過的奶油色澤有著宜居的舒適感。

建築前身在多年前曾歷經數次改造與調整，擴建原有兩座中庭，納為室內使用面積。然設計師於此次改造將其恢復了原樣，釋出露天中庭，讓建築內部擁有前後通風的庭院，空間不必朝向街道敞開也能享受自然的空氣對流與天光。而屋頂亦保留原有的斜面設計，選擇加增鋼筋以鞏固整體結構，避免讓建築元素過於厚重。此一作法讓建築立面朝向中庭，原有圍牆的壁柱結構便能維持其節奏，在新立面加以發揮。外牆材料採用「提洛爾灰泥」（Tyrolean plaster）粗砂漿整合為一，二樓藍色平台則在灰泥之間畫龍點睛。綜觀而言，雖然設計師在室內以介入手法分隔空間，然「布雷松」仍是單一的建築量體，刺內錯落、不同高度的空間仍能呵成一氣，成功轉變工業建築為一處值得紀念，且實用的生活住宅。